Hemocompatibility of bioprosthetic heart valve materials respectively based on glutaraldehyde and non-glutaraldehyde treatment / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To study the hemocompatibility of bioprosthetic heart valve materials respectively based on glutaraldehyde and non-glutaraldehyde treatment. Methods    Fresh bovine pericardium was treated with glutaraldehyde or non-glutaraldehyde after adipose tissue was removed. To evaluate the hemocompatibility of the two bioprosthetic heart valve materials, hemolysis test, in vitro fibrinogen adsorption experiment, platelet adhesion experiment, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) test, complement activation assay and ex vivo circulation experiment were performed. Results    The hemolysis test results demonstrated that both of the materials showed hemolytic rates lower than 5%. The results of TAT test and complement activation assay showed no statistical differences among the two materials and the blank control group. Compared to the bioprosthetic heart valve materials with glutaraldehyde-based treatment, the materials with non-glutaraldehyde-based treatment showed significantly decreased fibrinogen adsorption, platelet adhesion and thrombosis. Conclusion    Compared to the bioprosthetic heart valve materials with glutaraldehyde-based treatment, the materials with non-glutaraldehyde-based treatment show better hemocompatibility.

Biocompatibility of bioprosthetic heart valve materials with a non-glutaraldehyde-based chemical treatment / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To study the biocompatibility of bioprosthetic heart valve material with a non-glutaraldehyde-based treatment, and to provide the safety data for the clinical application. Methods    All the tests were conducted according to GB/T16886 standards. The in vitro cytotoxicity was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Fifteen guinea pigs were divided into a test group (n=10) and a control group (n=5) in the skin sensitization test. Three New Zealand white rabbits were used in the intradermal reactivity test. Five sites on both sides of the rabbit back were set as test sites and control sites, respectively. In the acute systemic toxicity test, a total of 20 ICR mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups: a test group (polar medium), a control group (polar medium), a test group (non-polar medium) and a control group (non-polar medium), 5 in each group. Forty SD rats were divided into a test group (n=20) and a control group (n=20) in the subchronic systemic toxicity test. Results    The viability of the 100% extracts of the bioprosthetic heart valve material with a non-glutaraldehyde-based treatment was 75.2%. The rate of positive reaction was 0.0%. The total intradermal reactivity test score was 0. There was no statistical difference in the body weight between the test group and control group in the acute systemic toxicity test. There was no statistical difference in the body weight, organ weight, organ weight/body weight ratio, blood routine test or blood biochemistry between the test group and control group in the subchronic systemic toxicity test. Conclusion    The bioprosthetic heart valve material with a non-glutaraldehyde-based treatment has satisfying biocompatibility, which conforms to relevant national standards. The material might be a promising material for application in valve replacement.

Research advances in proton therapy for pediatric cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Pediatric cancer is one of the leading causes of death in children around the world.Although radiotherapy is an important means of treatment for pediatric cancer,it causes acute or chronic adverse events that may affect patients' survival time and quality of life.As a novel and advanced radiation technique,proton therapy allows for precise dose delivery in target volume,significantly reducing the irradiation to surrounding tissues and organs.Studies have shown that proton therapy is well tolerated in the treatment of pediatric cancer,and it achieves good tumor control;proton therapy is superior to traditional radiotherapy in improving quality of life,protecting intelligence,and reducing the risk of secondary cancer.This article reviews the research advances in the application of proton therapy in the treatment of pediatric cancer.

Evaluation of Statistical Methods for Articles Published in《Chinese Circulation Journal》 / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To evaluate the applications and problems of statistical methods for articles published in《Chinese Circulation Journal》. Methods: We reviewed the statistical methods for original articles published in《Chinese Circulation Journal》in 2010, 2011 and 2015; general status with problems was analyzed and the situations were compared among different years. Results: A total of 404 articles were enrolled, statistical hypothesis testing was performed in 366 of them, 32 had descriptive statistics only and 6 articles were meta-analysis. The most frequently used statistical methods were student'st-test (57.4%), followed by chi-squared analysis (56.7%), analysis of variance (35.2%) and regression analysis (23.0%). The main statistical problems in Methods included in described method un-matched to really used method and insufifcient or wrong description. The proportion of insufifcient or wrong description in 2010 and 2011 was 36.6% (71/194), while in 2015 was 26.2% (55/210),P=0.02. The major wrong application of statistical approach was ignoring design with improper method and using unsatisifed precondition for speciifc analysis. The proportion of improper statistical method application in 2010 and 2011 was 19.1% (33/173), in 2015 was 19.7% (38/193),P=0.88. Conclusion: The quality of statistics was improved in 2015 than 2010 and 2011 for articles published in《Chinese Circulation Journal》; while there were still problems at certain degree, enhanced statistical review should be conducted in medical journals.

Cut-off values of waist circumference for central obesity in Chinese adults / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the appropriate cut-off values of waist circumference(WC)for central obesity and severe central obesity in Chinese adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 10 265 participants aged 35-69 years from the cross-sectional survey of the PRC-USA Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Epidemiology between 1993 and 1994 with integral data were included. Each integer unit in centimeters of WC in a given range was used as the cut-off point to detect clustering of risk factors, which was defined as an individual with 2 or more risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Sensitivity, specificity and distance from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to the upper left corner of the ROC graph were calculated. The WC value corresponding to the point on the ROC curve nearest to the upper left corner was considered as the optimal cut-off value for central obesity and the value corresponding to the point with specificity of 90% or more was considered as the optimal cut-off for severe central obesity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean WC was (80.5 ± 9.9) cm in men and (77.8 ± 10.0) cm in women; 18.1% (890/4 921) of men and 14.5% (776/5 344) of women were identified with two or more major risk factors. Based on the ROC curve analysis, the optimal value of WC to detect clustering of risk factors was ≥ 84 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women, and the shortest distance to the upper left corner was 0.430 and 0.450, respectively. The cut-off values of WC to detect clustering of risk factors with specificity of 90% or more were ≥ 93 cm and ≥ 91 cm for men and women, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cut-off points of WC for central obesity and severe central obesity in Chinese adults obtained from this study are equal or similar to the WC cut-off values proposed by the Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Adults.</p>